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Decoy state
Decoy state quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is the most widely implemented QKD scheme.
==Origin==
In QKD protocols, such as BB84, a single photon source is assumed to be used by the sender, Alice. In reality, a perfect single photon source does not exist. Instead, practical sources, such as weak coherent state laser source, are widely used for QKD. The key problem with these practical QKD sources is the multi-photon components which they contain. A serious security loophole exists when Alice uses multi-photon states as quantum information carriers (see, Quantum key distribution#Photon number splitting attack). In order to minimize the effects of multi-photon states, Alice has to use an extremely weak laser source, which results a relatively low speed of QKD. Decoy state QKD is proposed to solve this multi-photon issue by using a few different photon intensities instead of one. With decoy states, the practical sources, such as coherent-state source or heralded parametric down-conversion (PDC) source, performs almost as well as a single photon source.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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